Resumo dolescentes em situação de acolhimento apresentam maior risco de comprometimento no desenvolvimento social. O estudo das habilidades sociais e de fatores individuais associados permite identificar déficits, recursos e fatores relacionados com o desenvolvimento social nesse grupo. Nesse sentido, o estudo objetivou descrever o repertório total e das classes de habilidades sociais (empatia, autocontrole, civilidade, assertividade, abordagem afetiva e desenvoltura social) de adolescentes em serviços de acolhimento e verificar a associação dessas habilidades com a autoestima e com fatores sociodemográficos (sexo e idade). Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico realizado na cidade de Recife. A amostra foi censitária, totalizando 53 adolescentes. O instrumento de coleta foi composto pelo Inventário de Habilidades Sociais para Adolescentes (IHSA-Del Prette), Escala de Rosenberg para autoestima e questões relacionadas ao sexo e idade. Frequências absoluta e relativa, média e desvio padrão descreveram os participantes do estudo. Teste T e Teste de qui-quadrado foram empregados para avaliar associações, com nível de significância p≤0,05. No escore total das habilidades sociais, a maioria (69,7%) apresentou repertório satisfatório e, pouco mais da metade, baixa ou média dificuldade (50,9%). Apenas na desenvoltura social (71,7%) e na civilidade (52,8%) a maioria apresentou repertório deficitário. Baixa autoestima relacionou-se a déficits na assertividade (p=0,00), desenvoltura social (p=0,02) e autocontrole (p=0,04) e a uma maior dificuldade no autocontrole (p=0,04). Adolescentes mais novos apresentaram maior dificuldade na assertividade (p=0,02). Tais achados levam a crer que, apesar da complexidade da história de vida desses adolescentes, há fatores que favorecem o desenvolvimento de habilidades sociais.

Abstract Adolescents in foster care are at greater risk of compromising social development. The study of social skills and associated individual factors allows the identification of deficits, resources and factors related to social development in this group. In this sense, the study aimed to describe the total repertoire and classes of social skills (empathy, self-control, civility, assertiveness, affective approach and social resourcefulness) of adolescents in care services and to verify the association of these skills with self-esteem and sociodemographic factors (gender and age). This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study carried out in the city of Recife. The sample was census, totaling 53 adolescents. The collection instrument consisted of the Social Skills Inventory for Adolescents (IHSA-Del Prette), Rosenberg scale for self-esteem and questions related to gender and age. Absolute and relative frequencies, mean and standard deviation described the study participants. T-test and chi-square test were used to assess associations, with a significance level of p≤0.05. In the total score of social skills, the majority (69.7%) had a satisfactory repertoire, and just over half, low or medium difficulty (50.9%). Only in social resourcefulness (71.7%) and civility (52.8%) did the majority present a deficient repertoire. Low self-esteem was related to deficits in assertiveness (p=0.00), social resourcefulness (p=0.02) and self-control (p=0.04) and greater difficulty in self-control (p=0.04). Younger adolescents had greater difficulty in assertiveness (p=0.02). These findings suggest that, despite the complexity of these adolescents' life histories, there are factors that favor the development of social skills.

Resumo Foram analisadas as características dos estudos na literatura científica que abordam o tema “Apelidação na adolescência”. A metodologia envolveu a realização de uma revisão de escopo, que seguiu as diretrizes do PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyse - Extension for Scoping Reviews). De 297 trabalhos encontrados, 23 compuseram a seleção final. Poucos foram os estudos cujos objetivos envolviam o termo “apelido”, sinônimos ou derivados. Constatou-se que a tendência das publicações tem sido abordar a temática da apelidação em sua dimensão pejorativa, dentro do bullying e/ou enquanto xingamento, e especificamente associada a questões de gênero e orientação sexual. Quase todos os estudos (21) foram realizados no contexto escolar. Além disto, observou-se uma predominância de estudos de abordagem quantitativa e de delineamento transversal. Diante da escassez da literatura e da influência que o fenômeno da apelidação pode exercer nas relações sociais e na construção identitária do adolescente, considera-se fundamental que sejam realizadas mais pesquisas a respeito da temática, sem que os apelidos sejam limitados à forma pejorativa. Destaca-se, além disso, a importância de serem realizados estudos com outros tipos de desenhos, de modo que possa ser dada abertura para os adolescentes adentrarem em aspectos mais subjetivos a respeito do tema.

Abstract They were analyzed characteristics of studies in the scientific literature that address the theme "Nicknaming in adolescence". The methodology involved a scoping review, which followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyze - Extension for Scoping Reviews). From the 297 works found, 23 made up the final selection. Few were the studies which objective involved the term “nickname”, synonyms or derivatives. It was found that the tendency of publications has been to address the theme of nickname in its pejorative dimension, within bullying and / or as name calling, and specifically associated with issues of gender and sexual orientation. Almost all studies (21) were carried out in the school context. In addition, there was a predominance of studies with a quantitative approach and cross-sectional design. Given the scarcity of literature and the influence that the phenomenon of nicknaming can apply to social relations and the construction of identity of adolescents, it is considered essential that more researchs be produced on the subject, without restrict the nicknames in your pejorative way. In addition, the importance of carrying out studies with other types of designs is highlighted, so that adolescents can be given an opening to delve into more subjective aspects of the subject.

Abstract Objective To verify the association between victims of bullying and weapon possession among school adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out with 2,296 high school students aged 14-19 years. An instrument containing questions from the validated Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire and the National School Health Survey was used. To describe the profile of interviewees, absolute and relative frequencies were calculated, and the chi-square test was applied to verify the existence of associations. To test the association of bullying with weapon possession, Poisson logistic regression (univariate and multivariate) was used. The significance level used for all analyses was 5%. Results Among adolescents interviewed, 23.1% reported being victims of bullying. Among victims of bullying, 37.6% (PR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.30 - 2.17) reported having already carried some type of weapon (knife, revolver, or truncheon) in the last 30 days, while the reported firearm possession was 38% (PR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.16 - 2.40) and 47.5% of these adolescents carried some type of weapon (knife, revolver or truncheon) in the school environment (PR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.50 - 2.93). Conclusions It could be observed that adolescents who are victims of bullying are twice as likely of carrying some type of weapon (knife, revolver, or truncheon) to the school environment, and are also more likely of carrying a firearm.

Abstract The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of negative self-perception in health as well as to verify if there is an association with modifiable health risk behaviors in adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, analytical and school-based study carried out with high school students of the state public network of the municipality of Olinda-PE. Information regarding modifiable risk behaviors was obtained from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Self-perception of health was measured from a single question in which adolescents self-reported their health status and were classified as negative self-perceived adolescents who chose the alternatives "unhealthy and not very healthy." The data were tabulated by the Epi-data version 3.1 program and analyzed in SPSS version 22. The Chi-square test (p <0.05) was used and stepwise binary logistic regression was performed to analyze the associated factors (α = 0.05). Results: The prevalence of negative self-perception in health was 26.7% (32.9% for girls and 19.1% for boys p <0.001). The modifiable behaviors associated with negative self-perception in health were: Use of tobacco; alcohol use; use of marijuana and not participating in sports teams (p <0.05). In the regression model adjusted for sex and age, the use of alcohol and tobacco remained associated with negative self-perception in health. Conclusion: The negative self-perception in health was a sign of modifiable health behaviors. Adolescents who negatively evaluated their health presented higher percentages of tobacco and alcohol use.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência da autopercepção negativa em saúde bem como verificar se existe associação a comportamentos de risco modificáveis a saúde em adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, analítico e de base escolar, realizado com alunos do ensino médio da rede pública estadual do município de Olinda-PE. As informações referentes aos comportamentos de risco modificáveis foram obtidas a partir do questionário “Youth Risk Behavior Survey” (YRBS). A autopercepção de saúde foi mensurada a partir de uma única pergunta no qual os adolescentes autoreferiam o seu estado de saúde e foram classificados em autopercepção negativa os adolescentes que optaram pelas alternativas “nada saudável e não muito saudável”. Os dados foram tabulados pelo programa Epi-data versão 3.1 e analisados no SPSS versão 22. Foi utilizado o teste do Qui-quadrado (p<0,05) e realizou-se regressão logística binária stepwise para analisar os fatores associados (α=0,05). A prevalência da autopercepção negativa em saúde foi de 26,7% (32,9% para as moças e 19,1% para os rapazes p<0,001). Os comportamentos modificáveis associados à autopercepção negativa em saúde foram: Uso de tabaco; uso de álcool; uso de maconha e não participar de equipe esportiva (p<0,05). No modelo de regressão ajustada por sexo e idade, o uso de álcool, tabaco permaneceu associado à autopercepção negativa em saúde. A autopercepção negativa em saúde apresentou-se como um sinalizador de comportamentos de risco modificáveis a saúde. Adolescentes que avaliaram negativamente sua saúde apresentaram maiores percentuais de uso de tabaco e álcool.

Abstract The study aimed to investigate the association between early sexual initiation and alcohol consumption in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional and school-based study that had as a scenario 22 public high schools, selected by random technique and stratified by conglomerates in two stages. The total sample consisted of 1154 students regularly enrolled in schools and selected classes, aged 13 to 18 years. The collection was carried out through the application of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, validated and translated into Brazilian Portuguese. The data were analyzed with the aid of the SPSS program version 20.0, adopting a level of significance of 5%. Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the association between variables, and sex stratification was performed to test association with alcohol consumption patterns and the age of sexual debut. 47.7% of the sample was already sexually active, of which 24% had the first relationship with less than 15 years. Among the sociodemographic factors analyzed, only sex and religion reached significance. The stratified analysis showed a statistical association between early sexual initiation with the age of the first alcohol dose and the practice of binge in the last 30 days for both sexes. It is concluded that patterns of alcohol consumption can be important factors in the association with early sexual initiation for adolescents of both sexes, and it is necessary to implement public policies that protect this specific population.

Resumo O estudo teve por objetivo investigar associação entre a iniciação sexual precoce e o consumo do álcool em adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e de base escolar que teve por cenário 22 escolas públicas de ensino médio, selecionadas por meio de técnica aleatória e estratificadas por conglomerados em dois estágios. A amostra total foi composta por 1154 alunos regularmente matriculados nas escolas e nas classes selecionadas, com idade entre 13 a 18 anos. A coleta ocorreu por meio da aplicação do questionário Youth Risk Behavior Survey, validado e traduzido para o português do Brasil. Os dados foram analisados com auxílio do Programa SPSS versão 20.0, adotando nível de significância de 5%. Análise multivariada foi utilizada para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis, sendo realizado estratificação por sexo para testar associação com os padrões de consumo de álcool e a idade do início sexual. 47,7% da amostra já era sexualmente ativa, sendo que destes, 24% tiveram a primeira relação com menos de 15 anos. Dentre os fatores sociodemográficos analisados, apenas o sexo e a religião atingiram significância. A análise estratificada mostrou associação estatística entre iniciação sexual precoce com a idade da primeira dose de álcool e a prática de binge nos últimos 30 dias para ambos os sexos. Conclui-se que os padrões de consumo de álcool podem se configurar como fatores importantes na associação com o início sexual precoce para adolescentes de ambos os sexos, sendo necessária a implementação de políticas públicas que protejam essa população específica.

Abstract Psychological and relational spheres. In view of the various problems and challenges that arise in this phase of life, bullying is recognized as a form of power among peers, through physical and psychological aggressions, being a potentially stressful factor. Taking into account that the way of dealing with stress is individual, it is believed that bruxism is related to the influence of these emotional factors. The objective was to analyze the association between bullying and bruxism in adolescent high school students from the state network of Olinda, Pernambuco, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study whose sample consisted of 234 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years, both sexes and students from the state school system in Olinda. The National School Health Survey (PeNSE) questionnaire was used for data collection to assess bullying and Diagnostic Research Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorder (RDC / TMD) for bruxism. The data were tabulated in Epidata 3.3 and analyzed in SPSS version 20. There was a statistically significant association of bruxism in adolescents who suffered bullying in a total of 44.3% (p = 0.030). Bruxism had a higher prevalence in adolescents aged 17 to 19 years old and female. Bullying affected the age group from 14 to 16 years old and there was no statistically significant difference between genders. Bruxism and bullying showed a statistically significant association showing that adolescents who are bullied are more likely to have bruxism.

Resumo A adolescência é tida como um período de mudanças nos âmbitos fisiológico, psíquico e relacional. Diante dos vários problemas e desafios que surgem nessa fase da vida, o bullying é reconhecido como forma de poder entre os pares, por meio de agressões tanto de cunho físico, como psicológico, sendo um fator potencialmente estressante. Levando em consideração que o modo de lidar com o estresse seja individual, acredita-se que o bruxismo esteja relacionado à influência desses fatores emocionais. O objetivo foi analisar a associação entre bullying e bruxismo em adolescentes escolares do ensino médio da rede estadual de Olinda, Pernambuco, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal cuja amostra foi composta por 234 adolescentes de 14 a 19 anos, ambos os sexos e estudantes da rede estadual de ensino de Olinda. Utilizou-se para coleta dos dados o questionário da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) para avaliação do bullying e Critérios Diagnósticos de Pesquisa em Disfunção Temporomandibular (RDC/TMD) para bruxismo. Os dados foram tabulados no Epidata 3.3 e analisados no SPSS versão 20. Observou-se uma associação estatisticamente significante de bruxismo nos adolescentes que sofreram bullying num total de 44,3% (p= 0,030), O bruxismo apresentou maior prevalência nos adolescentes de 17 a 19 anos e sexo feminino. O bullying acometeu a faixa etária de 14 a 16 anos e não apresentando diferença estatisticamente significante entre os sexos. Bruxismo e bullying apresentaram uma associação estatisticamente significante mostrando que os adolescentes que sofrerem bullying estão mais susceptíveis a apresentarem bruxismo.

Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo investigar quais os fatores associados à felicidade na adolescência. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura na base de dados Pubmed/MEDLINE, com os descritores: “Adolescent” AND “Happiness”. Foram incluídos artigos que abordassem os principais fatores associados à felicidade na adolescência e pesquisas cujo público-alvo apresentasse a faixa etária entre 10 e 19 anos. Os critérios de exclusão foram artigos que não abordaram o tema proposto e os estudos com populações específicas, como pacientes especiais ou grupos de risco. Resultados: Após seleção a partir dos critérios estabelecidos, 25 artigos foram incluídos ao final. Verificou-se que felicidade foi associada positivamente à dados sociodemográficos (sexo masculino, possuir religião e nível econômico elevado), condutas de saúde (tomar café da manhã, consumir frutas/verduras e praticar atividade física), autoimagem e percepção corporal positiva, autoeficácia, experiências escolares positivas e inteligência emocional. A felicidade teve correlação negativa com comportamentos de risco (consumo de álcool e tabaco, agressividade, tendências suicidas e vitimização por bullying), estresse, dominância social e uso de mídias sociais. A felicidade foi avaliada de forma unidirecional, apresentada como desfecho e também como fator preditor dos comportamentos associados. Conclusão: A felicidade está associada a diferentes domínios da vida do indivíduo, apresentando relação direta com comportamentos saudáveis.

Abstract The study aimed to investigate the factors associated with happiness in adolescence. Method: A literature review was performed in the Pubmed / MEDLINE database, with the descriptors: “Adolescent” AND “Happiness”. Articles that addressed the main factors associated with happiness in adolescence and research whose target audience ranged from 10 to 19 years old were included. Exclusion criteria were articles that did not address the proposed theme and studies with specific populations, such as special patients or risk groups. Results: After selection based on the established criteria, 25 articles were included at the end. Happiness was found to be positively associated with sociodemographic data (male gender, religion and high economic status), health behaviors (eating breakfast, eating fruits and vegetables and practicing physical activity), self-image and positive body perception, self-efficacy, positive school experiences and emotional intelligence. Happiness was negatively correlated with risky behaviors (alcohol and tobacco use, aggression, suicidal tendencies, and bullying victimization), stress, social dominance, and use of social media. Happiness was assessed unidirectionally, presented as an outcome and also as a predictor of associated behaviors. Conclusion: Happiness is associated with different domains of the individual's life, directly related to healthy behaviors.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a procura por serviços ou profissionais de saúde pelos adolescentes com determinantes individuais e com variáveis contextuais, modalidade de ensino da escola e Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social. Os dados foram coletados no período de março a junho de 2018, em escolas públicas estaduais de Olinda, Pernambuco, através de um questionário estruturado com questões do Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) e da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE). Dentre os 2.454 adolescentes, a proporção daqueles que procuram por um serviço de saúde foi maior: no sexo feminino; em adolescentes cujas as mães tivessem escolaridade mínima de nove anos; naqueles fisicamente ativos; e cujos responsáveis não recebiam Bolsa Família. Observou-se que as variáveis contextuais não influenciaram a procura por serviços de saúde entre os adolescentes. No terceiro modelo da análise multinível, que analisou as variáveis individuais, observou-se que apenas o sexo feminino (OR=1,80), ter mãe com escolaridade maior ou igual a nove anos de estudo (OR=1,30), não receber Bolsa Família (OR=1,23) e ser ativo fisicamente (OR=1,32) foram associados a uma maior procura por serviços ou profissionais de saúde.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the demand for health services or professionals by adolescents with individual determinants and contextual variables (school teaching modality and Social Vulnerability Index). Data were collected from March to June 2018, in state public schools in Olinda, Pernambuco, Brazil, through a structured questionnaire with questions from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and the National School Health Survey (PeNSE). Among the 2,454 adolescents, the proportion of those looking for a health service was higher among women; in adolescents whose mothers had a minimum of nine schooling years; in the physically active; and whose parents did not receive a family aid (Bolsa Família). We observed that the contextual variables did not influence the demand for health services among adolescents. In the third model of the multilevel analysis, which analyzed the individual variables, we observed that only females (OR=1,80), having a mother with schooling greater than or equal to 9 years of study (OR=1,30), not receiving Bolsa Família (OR=1,23), and physically active (OR=1,32) were associated with an increased demand for health services or professionals.

ABSTRACT Objective: To translate, perform a cross-cultural adaptation and reliability analysis of the Survey of Anxiety and Information for Dentists (SAID) for use with Brazilian adolescents. Material and Methods: The SAID was translated into Brazilian Portuguese and back-translated to English. An expert committee compared both versions and examined their equivalence. Then, a face validation was performed with 10 adolescents. The SAID was applied in printed format with 25 questions. Participants answered and commented on the questions with a researcher to confirm the understanding and provide suggestions. The suggestions were implemented, and the expert committee approved the final version of the SAID in Brazilian Portuguese. The psychometric properties were tested with 60 adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. Participants answered the Brazilian version of the SAID before their first dental appointment and two weeks later to determine test-retest reliability. Reliability was analyzed by internal consistency analysis (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest (ICC). Results: The instrument presented excellent reliability according to internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.77) and test-retest coefficients (ICC = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.81-0.93). The Kappa coefficients and the degree of agreement of the dichotomous questions indicated good reproducibility of the new version. Conclusion: The SAID translation, cross-cultural adaptation and reliability analysis were completed successfully. Thus, the Brazilian version of the SAID can be a useful survey tool for dental care of adolescent patients.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a procura por serviços ou profissionais de saúde pelos adolescentes com determinantes individuais e com variáveis contextuais, modalidade de ensino da escola e Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social. Os dados foram coletados no período de março a junho de 2018, em escolas públicas estaduais de Olinda, Pernambuco, através de um questionário estruturado com questões do Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) e da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE). Dentre os 2.454 adolescentes, a proporção daqueles que procuram por um serviço de saúde foi maior: no sexo feminino; em adolescentes cujas as mães tivessem escolaridade mínima de nove anos; naqueles fisicamente ativos; e cujos responsáveis não recebiam Bolsa Família. Observou-se que as variáveis contextuais não influenciaram a procura por serviços de saúde entre os adolescentes. No terceiro modelo da análise multinível, que analisou as variáveis individuais, observou-se que apenas o sexo feminino (OR=1,80), ter mãe com escolaridade maior ou igual a nove anos de estudo (OR=1,30), não receber Bolsa Família (OR=1,23) e ser ativo fisicamente (OR=1,32) foram associados a uma maior procura por serviços ou profissionais de saúde.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the demand for health services or professionals by adolescents with individual determinants and contextual variables (school teaching modality and Social Vulnerability Index). Data were collected from March to June 2018, in state public schools in Olinda, Pernambuco, Brazil, through a structured questionnaire with questions from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and the National School Health Survey (PeNSE). Among the 2,454 adolescents, the proportion of those looking for a health service was higher among women; in adolescents whose mothers had a minimum of nine schooling years; in the physically active; and whose parents did not receive a family aid (Bolsa Família). We observed that the contextual variables did not influence the demand for health services among adolescents. In the third model of the multilevel analysis, which analyzed the individual variables, we observed that only females (OR=1,80), having a mother with schooling greater than or equal to 9 years of study (OR=1,30), not receiving Bolsa Família (OR=1,23), and physically active (OR=1,32) were associated with an increased demand for health services or professionals.

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize adolescent health care in a Family Health Unit in Olinda, Brazil. Material and Methods: The study carried out a census in a primary health unit, and results were obtained through the analysis of medical records from individuals aged 10-19 years. Data analysis was initially performed by descriptive statistics followed by association analysis using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test (p≤0.05). Results: Of all registered adolescents (n=895), 54% were female. However, only 36.9% (n=330) had a care record from 10 to 19 years. Regarding the frequency with which adolescents used the health service, 89.1% performed no more than three visits throughout the entire adolescence period. Almost all care provided to adolescents had curative nature (82.7%) in relation to the preventive nature (17.3%). Conclusion: The results pointed out that adolescents seek the Family Health Unit predominantly in search of curative care and that the number of consultations is reduced and far from recommendations from the Paced and Integrated Programming Guideline of the Ministry of Health, which establishes a minimum of one medical consultation and two nursing consultations per year for adolescents and young people in general.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar abordagens de enfrentamento do abuso sexual entre adolescentes, na perspectiva do profissional de saúde, dos responsáveis por Centros de assistência e do adolescente. Trata-se de revisão da literatura, cuja busca foi realizada nas bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE. Foram incluídos estudos originais com tema central abuso sexual envolvendo o adolescente e a assistência à saúde, considerando sujeitos entre 10 e 19 anos. A busca foi limitada a publicações em inglês, espanhol e português; do tipo artigo científico; publicados no período de 2014 a 2018. A metodologia seguiu as recomendações PRISMA (Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões sistemáticas e Metanálises). As abordagens retratadas nos artigos variaram em relação ao ponto de vista adotado quanto à assistência à saúde. Cinco artigos consideraram a percepção da própria vítima, com suas perspectivas em relação à assistência à saúde prestada pelos profissionais de saúde. Apenas dois artigos abordaram exclusivamente indivíduos que se encontram na faixa etária da adolescência preconizada pela OMS. Três artigos relataram pesquisas em Centros de saúde especializados nos atendimentos de vítimas de abuso sexual. A assistência à saúde dos adolescentes vitimados por abuso sexual foi observada de forma integral e integrada apenas em alguns artigos que referenciaram centros especializados nesses atendimentos. Porém, referências de assistências integrativas se encontram em Centros localizados em Países desenvolvidos. A realidade dos países subdesenvolvidos, como o Brasil, se restringe a diretrizes e procedimentos não padronizados, profissionais não capacitados e altas taxas de subnotificação.

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify approaches to coping with sexual abuse among adolescents, from the perspective of the health professional, care center managers and adolescents. This is a literature review, which was searched in the LILACS and MEDLINE databases. We included original studies with central theme sexual abuse involving adolescents and health care, considering subjects between 10 and 19 years. The search was limited to publications in English, Spanish and Portuguese; of the scientific article type; published from 2014 to 2018. The methodology followed the PRISMA recommendations (Key Items for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes). The approaches portrayed in the articles varied in relation to the point of view adopted regarding health care. Five articles considered the perception of the victim herself, with her perspectives in relation to health care provided by health professionals. Only two articles dealt exclusively with individuals in the adolescent age group recommended by the WHO. Three articles reported research in health centers that specialize in the care of victims of sexual abuse. The health care of adolescents victims of sexual abuse was fully and integrated only in some articles that refer to centers specialized in the care of these victims. However, references for integrative assistance to victims are found in centers located in developed countries. The reality of underdeveloped countries, such as Brazil, is restricted to non-standard guidelines and procedures, unskilled professionals and high rates of underreporting.

Resumo Os dentistas devem estar atentos não apenas às variáveis clínicas, mas também aos fatores socioeconômicos, psicológicos e culturais, que têm sido associados à experiência de cárie dentária. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o status social e a experiência odontológica em crianças brasileiras. Foi realizado um estudo transversal envolvendo 1367 crianças de 6 e 7 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, matriculadas em escolas públicas e privadas da cidade do Recife (2013). As crianças de escolas públicas eram socioeconomicamente menos privilegiadas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e exames intraorais. A experiência de cárie foi alta (53,3%), mas as crianças menos privilegiadas tiveram maiores porcentagens de dentes cariados e com extração indicada (p < 0,001). Crianças de classe social menos privilegiada tiveram maior chance de ter experiência de cárie baixa (OR = 1,77 [IC95% 1,33 - 2,35]), moderada (OR = 4,41 [IC95% 3,18 - 6,14]) e alta (OR = 9,55 [IC95% 6,01- 15,16]). E, também tiveram maior chance de nunca visitar um dentista (OR = 2,90 [IC95% 2,25 - 3,74]) e ter ansiedade ao tratamento odontológico (OR = 1,70 [IC95% 1,34 - 2,16]). O status socioeconômico exerce influência na experiência de cárie dentária, nas visitas ao dentista e na ansiedade ao tratamento odontológico das crianças analisadas.

Abstract Dentists should be alert not only to clinical variables, but also to socioeconomic, psychological and cultural factors, which have all been associated with the experience of dental caries. The aim of this study of was to assess social status and dental experience among Brazilian children. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1367 male and female children aged six and seven years enrolled at public and private schools in the city of Recife (Brazil) in 2013. The children at tending public schools were socioeconomically less privileged than those attending private schools. Data were collected through interviews and intraoral examinations. Caries experience was high (53.3%) in the overall sample, but less privileged children had larger percentages of decayed teeth and teeth that required extraction (p < 0.001). Children from less privileged social class had a greater chance of having a low (OR = 1.77 [95%CI 1.33 - 2.35]), moderate (OR = 4.41 [95%CI: 3.18 - 6,14]) and high (OR = 9.55 [95%CI 6.01 - 15.16]) caries experience. They also had a greater chance of never visiting a dentist (OR= 2.90 [95% CI 2.25 - 3.74]) and had dental anxiety (OR = 1.70 [95%CI 1.34-2, 16]). Socioeconomic status influences the dental caries experience, the visits to the dentist and the dental anxiety of the children analyzed.

Resumo Os dentistas devem estar atentos não apenas às variáveis clínicas, mas também aos fatores socioeconômicos, psicológicos e culturais, que têm sido associados à experiência de cárie dentária. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o status social e a experiência odontológica em crianças brasileiras. Foi realizado um estudo transversal envolvendo 1367 crianças de 6 e 7 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, matriculadas em escolas públicas e privadas da cidade do Recife (2013). As crianças de escolas públicas eram socioeconomicamente menos privilegiadas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e exames intraorais. A experiência de cárie foi alta (53,3%), mas as crianças menos privilegiadas tiveram maiores porcentagens de dentes cariados e com extração indicada (p < 0,001). Crianças de classe social menos privilegiada tiveram maior chance de ter experiência de cárie baixa (OR = 1,77 [IC95% 1,33 - 2,35]), moderada (OR = 4,41 [IC95% 3,18 - 6,14]) e alta (OR = 9,55 [IC95% 6,01- 15,16]). E, também tiveram maior chance de nunca visitar um dentista (OR = 2,90 [IC95% 2,25 - 3,74]) e ter ansiedade ao tratamento odontológico (OR = 1,70 [IC95% 1,34 - 2,16]). O status socioeconômico exerce influência na experiência de cárie dentária, nas visitas ao dentista e na ansiedade ao tratamento odontológico das crianças analisadas.

Abstract Dentists should be alert not only to clinical variables, but also to socioeconomic, psychological and cultural factors, which have all been associated with the experience of dental caries. The aim of this study of was to assess social status and dental experience among Brazilian children. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1367 male and female children aged six and seven years enrolled at public and private schools in the city of Recife (Brazil) in 2013. The children at tending public schools were socioeconomically less privileged than those attending private schools. Data were collected through interviews and intraoral examinations. Caries experience was high (53.3%) in the overall sample, but less privileged children had larger percentages of decayed teeth and teeth that required extraction (p < 0.001). Children from less privileged social class had a greater chance of having a low (OR = 1.77 [95%CI 1.33 - 2.35]), moderate (OR = 4.41 [95%CI: 3.18 - 6,14]) and high (OR = 9.55 [95%CI 6.01 - 15.16]) caries experience. They also had a greater chance of never visiting a dentist (OR= 2.90 [95% CI 2.25 - 3.74]) and had dental anxiety (OR = 1.70 [95%CI 1.34-2, 16]). Socioeconomic status influences the dental caries experience, the visits to the dentist and the dental anxiety of the children analyzed.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of cigarette use among adolescents and to identify associated health risk behaviors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample, composed of 1059 adolescents between 13 and 19 years old, enrolled in primary and secondary public schools of Olinda, Pernambuco, in 2014. Information was obtained through self-administered questionnaires (validated version of YRBS 2007). Cigarette experimentation was defined as smoking at least once in life. Adolescents who smoked at least one day within 30 days prior to the survey were considered current smokers. Most students were female and 16 years old or older. RESULTS Almost 30% used it in life and about 10% smoked within the 30 days before the survey. Suicidal ideation (PR = 1.51, 95%CI 1.25–1.82), alcohol use (PR = 1.41, 95%CI 1.03–1.92), marijuana (PR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.37–1.96), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 1.57, 95%CI 1.15–2.16) and sexual experience (PR = 1.78, 95%CI 1.43–2.21) have increased the risk of using cigarettes. Feelings of sadness (PR = 1.70, 95%CI 1.22–2.36), alcohol use (PR=2.40, 95%CI 1.12–5.12), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.24–5.38), marijuana (PR = 2.31, 95%CI.57–3.39) and cocaine (PR = 1.99, 95%CI.32–3.01) increased the risk of cigarette use within the 30 days before the survey. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette use among adolescents from Olinda was high, being considered higher than the national prevalence. Possible factors associated with cigarette use were drug use (alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine) and behaviors related to sexual experience, feelings of sadness and suicidal ideation.